C_KYMD_01 Training & Certification Get Latest SAP Certified Development Associate Updated on Jun 14, 2024 [Q34-Q57]

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C_KYMD_01 Training & Certification Get Latest SAP Certified Development Associate Updated on Jun 14, 2024

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Q34. What are some characteristics of Kubernetes pods? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

They are the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes.

They are permanent units in Kubernetes.

They can be terminated and replaced anytime.

They can contain deployments.

Q35. Which kubectl command updates objects?

apply -f <filename>.yaml

kustomize <filename> yaml

create – <filename> yam

Explanation
Use kubectl apply to create or update resources from a file or stdin. This command does a three-way diff between the previous configuration, the input configuration, and the current configuration of the resource, and then applies the changes.
Use kubectl patch to update Kubernetes API objects in place. Do a strategic merge patch or a JSON merge patch.
Use kubectl replace to delete and re-create the resource. You can use this command to update immutable fields of a resource, such as its kind or name.
References:
Manage Kubernetes Objects
Command line tool (kubectl)
kubectl Quick Reference

Q36. Which of the following are features of Kubernetes? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.

Hardware virtualization

Storage orchestration

Operating system management

Immutability and self-healing

Service Discovery and load balancing

Explanation
Kubernetes provides several features to manage containerized workloads and services, such as storage orchestration, immutability and self-healing, and service discovery and load balancing. Storage orchestration allows users to mount any storage system they want using Kubernetes, including local storage, public cloud providers, and more. Immutability and self-healing ensure that containers are always in the desired state and can recover from failures automatically. Service discovery and load balancing enable users to expose their services to the network and distribute the traffic among multiple instances. References:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/kubernetes/kubernetes_overview.htm

Q37. Using the Cloud Events specification, which component must you use to post events to Kyma Eventing?

service/eventing-event-publisher-proxy

pod/eventing event publisher proxy

pods/eventing nats 0

svc/eventing-nets

Q38. How can you create a Kubernetes object from a file?

kubectl create -from-file <file>

kubectl install t <file>

kubectl install-from-file <file>

kubectl create -f <file>

Q39. Which company initially developed Kubernetes?

Google

Oracle

IBM

Microsoft

Explanation
Kubernetes is a powerful open-source system for managing containerized applications in a clustered environment. It was originally developed by Google, based on its experience of running production workloads at scale. Google open-sourced Kubernetes in 2014 and donated it to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), a vendor-neutral organization that promotes the development of cloud-native technologies. Since then, Kubernetes has become one of the most popular and widely adopted container orchestration platforms, with a large community of contributors and users. The other options are not correct, as they are not the original developers of Kubernetes, although they may have contributed to or used the project in some ways. References: The History of Kubernetes on a Timeline – RisingStack Engineering, How Kubernetes came to be: A co-founder shares the story – Google Cloud

Q40. Which of the following metrics are mandatory in a service manifest? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.

Cluster IP

ap Version

Type

Ports

Kind

Explanation
A service manifest is a YAML file that defines a service, which is a Kubernetes resource that groups a set of pods and provides a way to access them within a cluster1. A service manifest must have the following mandatory metrics2:
Kind: The kind of the resource, which must be Service for a service manifest.
Type: The type of the service, which determines how the service is exposed. The possible values are ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, or ExternalName3.
Ports: The list of ports that the service exposes. Each port must have a name, a protocol, and a port number.
References:
1: Kubernetes / Services
2: Kubernetes / Service – v1 core
3: Kubernetes / Publishing Services (ServiceTypes)

Q41. Which tool does SAP BTP, Kyma runtime use for log collection?

Jaeger

Prometheus

Kiali

Fluent Bit

Q42. When do you use a Daemon Set as the main workload type?

To run a workload on every node in the cluster

To run a batch job

To run multiple instances of the same container

Q43. What are some characteristics of stateless workloads? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

Data is shared.

No references to past transactions are stored.

No data is persisted.

References to past transactions are stored.

Q44. Which company initially developed Kubernetes?

Google

Oracle

IBM

Microsoft

Q45. Which of the following open-source projects does SAP BTP, Kyma runtime use to expose and analyze in-cluster telemetry data? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.

Loki

Opstrace

Prometheus

Crafana

Vector

Q46. Which Prometheus component must you create to scrape metrics from targets you want to observe?

Pod Monitor CRD

Service Manifest

Service Monitor CRD

Explanation
To scrape metrics from targets you want to observe, you need to create a Service Monitor Custom Resource Definition (CRD) in Prometheus. A Service Monitor CRD defines the endpoints, ports, paths, and labels of the targets that expose metrics in a standard Prometheus format. The Service Monitor CRD also specifies how often the targets should be scraped and what relabeling rules should be applied. The Service Monitor CRD is automatically detected and processed by the Prometheus Operator, which creates the appropriate scrape configurations for Prometheus. The other options are not valid components for scraping metrics from targets.
A Pod Monitor CRD is similar to a Service Monitor CRD, but it defines the pods that expose metrics, rather than the services. A Service Manifest is a YAML file that defines the service type, version, and metadata, but it does not specify the metrics endpoints or scraping parameters. References: Side-by-Side Extensibility Based on SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime – Unit 4 – Lesson 2: Observability in Kyma, Prometheus Operator Documentation – Service Monitor

Q47. Which workload type is used to create time-based jobs?

Job

Deployment

StatefulSet

CronJob

Explanation
A CronJob is a workload type that creates Jobs on a repeating schedule, based on the Cron syntax. A Job is a workload type that runs a task to completion, just once. A Deployment is a workload type that manages a set of Pods that are created from the same template. A StatefulSet is a workload type that manages a set of Pods that have stable identities and persistent storage. References: CronJob, Jobs, Workloads.

Q48. Which of the following observability tools are available in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

Loki

Jaeger

Kiali

Crafana

Explanation
SAP BTP, Kyma runtime provides a vendor-neutral integration point for traces, metrics, and logs, mainly using the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP). For this option, the system you want to connect must support OTLP natively. The observability tools that support OTLP are Loki and Jaeger. Loki is a horizontally-scalable, highly-available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. Jaeger is a distributed tracing system that monitors and troubleshoots transactions in complex distributed systems. Kiali and Grafana are not part of the observability architecture of SAP BTP, Kyma runtime, but they can be installed separately if needed. References: From Observability to Telemetry – a strategy shift in SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime, Accessing the built-in observability tools of Kyma runtime, SAP Help Portal – SAP Online Help

Q49. Which open-source tool does the SAP BTP use to provision SAP BTP, Kyma runtime?

Nomad

Gardener

Rancher

Apache Mesos

Explanation
SAP BTP uses Gardener to provision SAP BTP, Kyma runtime. Gardener is an open-source project that enables the creation and management of Kubernetes clusters across multiple cloud providers and regions.
Gardener automates the deployment, scaling, and maintenance of Kubernetes clusters, as well as the installation of Kyma and other extensions on top of them. Gardener also provides a unified dashboard and API for cluster administration and monitoring. With Gardener, you can choose the cloud provider and region of your choice for your SAP BTP, Kyma runtime cluster, and benefit from the high availability, scalability, and security of Kubernetes and Kyma. References: Kyma Environment | SAP Help Portal, Gardener | SAP BTP, Gardener Project

Q50. In a Kubernetes cluster, which pattern represents a valid DNS name?

svc.cluster.local.<service-name>.<namespace>

<service name> <namespace>.svc.cluster.local

<Namespace> <service-name> svc. Cluster. Local

svc.cluster.local.<namespace> <service-name>

Q51. What’s the responsibility of the Kubernetes cluster master node? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

Maintain etod

Run deployed applications

Maintain network rules between applications

Schedule workloads

Explanation
The Kubernetes cluster master node is responsible for running the Kubernetes control plane, which manages the entire cluster. The control plane consists of several components, such as the API server, etcd, controller manager, and scheduler. The etcd is a distributed key-value store that holds the cluster state and configuration.
The scheduler is responsible for assigning workloads to the available worker nodes, based on the resources andconstraints. The master node does not run deployed applications, nor does it maintain network rules between applications. Those tasks are handled by the worker nodes and the kube-proxy component. References: Nodes | Kubernetes, Kubernetes master and worker nodes, Kubernetes Nodes – The Complete Guide – Komodor

Q52. Which proxy pattern is used by the service mesh solution in SAP BTP, Kyma runtime?

Per-Container

Shared library

Per-Node

Sidecar

Q53. What are some parts of a pod object? Note: There are 3 correct Answers to this question.

kind

etod

ap Version

kubelet

metadata

Q54. Which open-source projects provide data visualization in the kyma-system Namespace? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

Loki

Vector

Grafana

Prometheus Web UI

Q55. What are some characteristics of the API Gateway? Note: There are 2 correct Answers to this question.

It is the central point of contact for all internal traffic in the Kyma cluster.

It uses Ory Oath keeper to manage access to services.

It uses Envoy Proxy to handle traffic and forward it to the correct service

It uses a custom-configured Nginx Ingress Gateway.

Explanation
The API Gateway is a component that enables exposing and securing services outside the Kyma cluster using the APIRule custom resource (CR)1. The API Gateway has the following characteristics:
It is the central point of contact for all external traffic that enters the Kyma cluster. The API Gateway is a custom-configured Istio Ingress Gateway that is installed in the kyma-system namespace called kyma-gateway2. The kyma-gateway acts as a reverse proxy that routes the incoming requests to the appropriate services based on the host name and the path specified in the APIRule CR3.
It uses Envoy Proxy to handle traffic and forward it to the correct service. The API Gateway is based on the Istio Gateway, which is a load balancer that operates at the edge of the mesh and enables ingress and egress traffic for the cluster. The Istio Gateway is implemented by a pod that runs an Envoy Proxy container, which is responsible for receiving and forwarding the traffic according to the Istio routing rules.
References:
1: Kyma / API Gateway v2
2: Using the API Gateway to Expose Services – SAP Learning
3: SAP BTP, Kyma Runtime API Gateway future architecture based on Istio | SAP Blogs
[4]: Istio / Gateway
[5]: Istio / Envoy

Q56. Which of the following is a usage for Kubernetes?

Governance of applications

Management of virtual machines

Registration of services

Management of containerized workloads

Explanation
Kubernetes is an open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation1. Kubernetes enables the operation of an elastic web server framework for cloud applications, as well as the orchestration of microservices, batch processing, machine learning, and more2. Kubernetes is not a tool for governance of applications, management of virtual machines, or registration of services, although it can integrate with other tools or frameworks that provide these functionalities. References: 1(https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/), 2(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku

Q57. A Kubernetes cluster is a set of which of the following?

Proxies

Machines

Data centers

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C_KYMD_01 Training & Certification Get Latest SAP Certified Development Associate Updated on Jun 14, 2024 [Q34-Q57]

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